Error message
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in locale_get_plural() (line 302 of core/modules/locale/locale.module).
locale_get_plural() (Line: 135) Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\PluralTranslatableMarkup->getPluralIndex() (Line: 110) Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\PluralTranslatableMarkup->render() (Line: 15) Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup->__toString() htmlspecialchars() (Line: 440) Drupal\Component\Utility\Html::escape() (Line: 222) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\HandlerBase->sanitizeValue() (Line: 188) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\NumericField->render() (Line: 1202) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 465) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 2467) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->preview() (Line: 1722) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->preview() (Line: 66) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 974) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item() (Line: 1214) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 465) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 201) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 239) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 44) Drupal\redirect_after_login\RedirectMiddleware->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 53) Asm89\Stack\Cors->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in locale_get_plural() (line 302 of core/modules/locale/locale.module).
locale_get_plural() (Line: 135) Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\PluralTranslatableMarkup->getPluralIndex() (Line: 110) Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\PluralTranslatableMarkup->render() (Line: 15) Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup->__toString() htmlspecialchars() (Line: 440) Drupal\Component\Utility\Html::escape() (Line: 222) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\HandlerBase->sanitizeValue() (Line: 188) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\NumericField->render() (Line: 1202) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 465) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 2467) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->preview() (Line: 1722) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->preview() (Line: 66) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 974) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item() (Line: 1214) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 465) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 201) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 239) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 44) Drupal\redirect_after_login\RedirectMiddleware->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 53) Asm89\Stack\Cors->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in locale_get_plural() (line 302 of core/modules/locale/locale.module).
locale_get_plural() (Line: 135) Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\PluralTranslatableMarkup->getPluralIndex() (Line: 110) Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\PluralTranslatableMarkup->render() (Line: 15) Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup->__toString() htmlspecialchars() (Line: 440) Drupal\Component\Utility\Html::escape() (Line: 222) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\HandlerBase->sanitizeValue() (Line: 188) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\NumericField->render() (Line: 1202) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 465) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 2467) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->preview() (Line: 1722) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->preview() (Line: 66) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 974) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item() (Line: 1214) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 465) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 201) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 239) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 44) Drupal\redirect_after_login\RedirectMiddleware->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 53) Asm89\Stack\Cors->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
इतिहास
Iभारतीय इतिहास लोगों और परंपराओं की एक समृद्ध पच्चीकारी है। इस भूमि का राजनीतिक इतिहास अगण्य राज्यों और राजवंशों के उत्थान और पतन की एक अंतहीन गाथा है। कभी पहले के शक्तिशाली साम्राज्य अनिवार्य रूप से समय के साथ खो गए हैं। परंतु, शासकों और विजेताओं द्वारा बनाए गए स्मारक और संरचनाएँ अभी भी इस अतीत के मूर्त अनुस्मारक के रूप में खड़ी हैं। किले, विशेष रूप से, हमें इन साम्राज्यों के गौरव, नवप्रवर्तन और शक्ति की याद दिलाते हैं।
सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता से लेकर ब्रिटिश शासन के दिनों तक, किलेबंदी हमारी वास्तुकलात्मक विरासत की एक चिर विशेषता रही है। भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप के किले वास्तुकलात्मक दृष्टि से, समय के साथ, देश के राजनीतिक विकास के अनुरूप विकसित हुए हैं। स्वदेशी परंपराओं को दूरवर्ती भूमि के विजेताओं के साथ आए प्रभावों के साथ सामंजस्यपूर्ण रूप से मिश्रित किया गया है। वर्तमान अनुभाग का उद्देश्य इस देश के किलों के विकास का एक व्यापक अवलोकन प्रस्तुत करना है।